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“Education, too?”: tips for investigating sexual allegations in schools and higher education settings
Alfie Cranmer
Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care v General Medical Council and another - [2020] EWHC 3122 (Admin)
Dr Dighton specialised in cardiology, but also maintained a private practice as a General Practitioner (“GP”). He had undergone no formal GP training, which he regarded as unnecessary.
In 2011, Dr Dighton was issued with a letter of advice from the General Medical Council (“GMC”) relating to his prescribing. In 2016, he appeared before the GMC's Investigation Committee and was issued with a warning relating to his prescribing of benzodiazepines.
Between 2011 and 2017, on multiple occasions at the patient’s behest, Dr Dighton prescribed to Patient A a number of powerful and potentially addictive drugs, including: co-proxamol and dihydrocodeine (strong painkillers); mirtazapine (an antidepressant); and diazepam (a tranquiliser).
In June 2017, Patient A was diagnosed with prescription drug dependency by a different GP. Dr Dighton confirmed that he was aware from the start that Patient A demonstrated the behaviour symptomatic of addiction.
Dr Dighton appeared before the MPT in relation to allegations which included:
All allegations (save one immaterial aspect) were admitted or found proved.
The MPT determined that Dr Dighton's actions amounted to misconduct and went on to consider whether his fitness to practise was currently impaired by reason of misconduct.
In considering impairment, the MPT expressed significant concerns. Based on the evidence before it, the MPT concluded that:
In light of those stark findings, the MPT concluded that Dr Dighton's fitness to practise was impaired.
At the sanction stage, the MPT heard evidence that Dr Dighton had stopped work as a GP in 18 December 2018, following a discussion with the Care Quality Commission ("CQC").
Dr Dighton told the MPT that he had been deceived by Patient A, who he described as “clever and manipulative.” For the first time, the High Court noted, he apologised to the GMC. He had not apologised to Patient A, who he said was happy with the treatment. Dr Dighton denied that he posed a risk to patients, and claimed that he had removed “all contentious issues.”
In reaching its conclusion on sanction, the MPT regarded as mitigating factors that: Dr Dighton had made some admissions to misconduct; that over a long career he had received no complaints from patients; and that Patient A had been complimentary about him. As regards aggravating factors, the MPT emphasised the intractable lack of insight and noted that:
Weighing those factors, and considering the relevant guidance, the MPT imposed a sanction of a suspension order.
As the High Court judgment observes:
In reaching its decision to impose a suspension order, the MPT gave decisive weight to the fact that [Dr Dighton] had ceased to practise as a GP. For this reason, it held that his conduct was not fundamentally incompatible with his inclusion on the medical register.
The PSA challenged the sanction on three grounds, suggesting that the MPT:
Prior to the appeal being heard, Dr Dighton agreed to voluntary erasure. The PSA's position remained that, even if coupled with voluntary erasure, the sanction imposed would be insufficient to ensure the protection of the public.
Dr Dighton argued before the High Court that, in light of his agreement in principle to voluntary erasure, the appeal was otiose. Mrs Justice Farbey disagreed.
In her judgment, Farbey J concludes that the MPT was wrong in its determination that Dr Dighton did not need to be erased from the register. The judgment sets out in clear terms that the MPT’s decision “was unreasonable and its reasoning was flawed”.
The Court found that Dr Dighton's inclination to give up practice as a GP could not “reasonably be regarded as weighing decisively in favour of his suspension and against his erasure,” nor could it “reasonably outweigh the numerous other findings of the MPT which weigh in favour of erasure”. As Counsel for the PSA submitted, Dr Dighton had only decided to give up what he should not have been doing in the first place.
Of Dr Dighton’s conduct, the Court noted that the:
“sustained, excessive prescription of drugs to a vulnerable patient in an area of medicine beyond his expertise placed Patient A at risk of harm including death.
Conduct which puts patient safety at risk is a breach of an overriding duty of doctors in any branch of medicine […]. It undermines public confidence in the profession.”
Dr Dighton, the Court considered, had demonstrated a “dangerous lack of respect for accepted clinical practice” which the MPT itself had described unambiguously as amounting to an “intractable” lack of insight. The Court considered that such a stark conclusion on the level of insight shown was incompatible with any sanction short of erasure:
The MPT recognised the importance of insight to its decision on sanction under the guidance. However, it reached an unreasonable decision: [Dr Dighton’s] intractability is inconsistent with the prospect of remediation in a one-year suspension period or at all.
In the face of such palpable lack of insight, the Court concluded that nothing short of erasure could serve the public interest. The takeaway from this case is: lack of insight is, as has been made clear, a factor which must weigh heavily in the balancing act of any sanction decision by a disciplinary tribunal.
For more information please do not hesitate to contact a member of the regulatory team.
We welcome views and opinions about the issues raised in this blog. Should you require specific advice in relation to personal circumstances, please use the form on the contact page.
Alfie Cranmer
Melinka Berridge
Sameena Munir
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